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Russian National Card Payment System

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
National payment card system
Native name
Национальная система платёжных карт
Company typeJoint-stock company
IndustryFinancial services
Founded23 July 2014; 10 years ago (2014-07-23)
Headquarters
Moscow
,
Russia
Key people
Dmitry Dubinin (CEO)[1]
ServicesPayment service provider, payment systems
Revenue₽22.2 billion[2] (2020)
₽8.2 billion[2] (2020)
Total assets₽29.5 billion[2] (2020)
ParentCentral Bank of Russia
SubsidiariesMir
Websitenspk.ru

The National Payment Card System (NSPK) is an operational and payment clearing house for processing bank card transactions within Russia and the operator of the Mir card payment system. It is the operational and payment clearing house of the Fast Payment System (FPS) [ru] and wholly owned by the Central Bank of Russia (CBR).[3][4]

On February 23, 2024, the United States Department of the Treasury imposed sanctions against the NSPK. This has no consequences on the territory of Russia, but may limit the use of Mir cards in other countries.[5]

History

[edit]

In March 2014, after the U.S. imposed sanctions against Russia in connection with the annexation of Crimea, the international payment systems Visa and MasterCard for the second time in history stopped servicing cards of several Russian banks in retail outlets and ATMs of the international network.[6] The preparation of amendments to the Federal Law "On the National Payment System" was initiated in order to infrastructurally and informationally enclose the process of money transfers within Russia.[7]

On July 23, 2014, the joint-stock company National Payment Card System (NSPK JSC) was established with two tasks:

  • Creation of an operational and clearing center for processing domestic transactions on cards of international payment systems;
  • Issue and promotion of the national payment card.[8]

Vladimir Komlev,[9][10] who previously headed United Credit Card Company (UCS), was appointed CEO of the NSPK JSC.

Since April 2015, all domestic MasterCard transactions have been fully transferred to the NSPK processing.[11] Cards of international payment systems became operational in Crimea.[12]

In June 2015, all domestic Visa transactions were finally transferred to the NSPK processing.[13]

The NSPK signed several agreements on joint issuance of co-branded cards with international payment systems:

On December 15, 2015, the NSPK announced the issuance of the first Mir cards by seven Russian banks.[17]

In 2017, the National Payment Card System became a member of the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCI SSC).[18]

In 2022, due to Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Visa, Mastercard, and American Express suspended their operations in Russia,[19][20] as a result:

  • cards of these systems issued by Russian banks do not work abroad and on the websites of foreign online stores;
  • cards of these systems issued by foreign banks do not work in Russia.

However, Visa, Mastercard and American Express cards issued by Russian banks continue to work in Russia. This is possible due to the fact that transactions on them are processed by the National Payment Card System.[21][22]

At the end of 2022, NSPK's net profit according to RAS increased 2.58 times, amounting to 25.3 billion rubles. The company's revenue by the end of the year amounted to 50.3 billion rubles, assets — 69.8 billion rubles. NSPK also paid dividends of 4.9 billion rubles in 2022 to its sole shareholder, the Bank of Russia, which is 805 million rubles more than a year earlier.[23][24]

Vladimir Komlev was the CEO of NSPK from the company's foundation until the end of 2023. On January 1, 2024, he left the post. On May 29, 2024, it became known that Dmitry Dubynin would become the new head of NSPK, such a decision was made by the National Financial Board of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation.[25][26][27][28]

Activity

[edit]
Year Revenue,

bil. roubles

Net income,

bil. roubles

Reference
2015 2,61 1,21 [29]
2016 6,21 2,88 [30]
2017 7,9 3,3 [31]
2018 11,8 4,7 [32]
2019 16,2 5,6 [33]
2020 22,2 8,2 [34]
2021 29,4 9,9 [35]
2022 50,3 25,3 [24]

Interaction with international payment systems

[edit]

Since June 2015, all banks that are direct participants of international payment systems (IPS) send all intra-Russian authorization requests and exchange clearing messages for Visa international payment system cards through the Operational and Payment Clearing Center (OPCC) of the NSPK.[36]

Since April 1, 2015, all banks' transactions on MasterCard cards have been carried out through the NSPK processing.[11]

In July 2015, NSPK and MasterCard entered into an agreement to issue co-branded cards under the Mir and Maestro brands.[37] In December 2015, Gazprombank issued Mir-Maestro cards.[38]

In September 2016, Russia's National Payment Card System and China's Union Pay payment system agreed to issue joint bank cards. The corresponding agreement was signed on September 14 in Shanghai,[39] and the first cards were issued in July 2017 by Rosselkhozbank.[40] There were a number of Mir-JCB co-branded cards on the market.[41] Such cards were issued by Gazprombank, Rosselkhozbank, Almazergienbank, and Far East Bank.

Mir payment system

[edit]
Main article: Mir (payment system)

In April-May 2015, in a nationwide creative contest "Mir" was chosen as the name and logo of the national payment system.[42] The final version of the logo, finalized by Plenum Brand Consultancy, was presented on July 16, 2015.[43]

In October 2015, the rules and tariffs of the Mir payment system were published on the NSPK website. According to the Russian central bank, they provide for lower prices compared to IPS, as well as the absence of commission for intrabank turnover.[44]

The open issuance of the "Mir" payment system cards began on December 15, 2015. The first issuing banks were Gazprombank, MDM Bank, RNKB, Bank Rossiya, Svyaz-bank, MINBank, and SMP Bank.[17]

As of February 2023, 233 banks joined the Mir payment system, 158 of which are issuers of payment cards.[45][46]

At the end of the second quarter of 2023, 228.4 million Mir cards were issued in Russia.[47][48]

Mir mobile service

[edit]

On March 4, 2019, the Mir payment system launched Mir Pay mobile contactless payment service in Russia, which can be used by owners of any Android smartphones (starting from version 6.0) with NFC technology support.[49]

Fast Payment System

[edit]
Further information: ru:Система быстрых платежей

The NSPK is the operational and payment clearing center of the Fast Payment System (FPS). The system itself was launched in Russia on January 28, 2019.[50] Russians started using FPS in offline and online stores in 2019 as well. The first payments via FPS in various services began almost simultaneously.[51][52][53]

Sanctions

[edit]

The US Treasury Department has issued a warning that it will impose sanctions on banks and companies that continue to cooperate with the NSPK. Those financial organizations that enter into agreements with the NSPK "risk supporting Russia's efforts to circumvent U.S. sanctions," the department said. The first head of the NSPK, Vladimir Komlev, is under US personal sanctions.[54]

On February 23, 2024, the NSPK was placed on the U.S. blocking sanctions list because the center is "responsible for both domestic Russian transactions and international transactions. It helps the Russian Federation circumvent sanctions and remain connected to the international financial system."[55][56]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Главный по «Миру». В Национальной системе платежных карт – новый гендиректор". Банки.ру. 2024-06-04. Archived from the original on 2024-06-04. Retrieved 2024-06-04.
  2. ^ a b c "Годовая бухгалтерская отчётность АО «НСПК» за 2020 год" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-10. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
  3. ^ "Russia's credit cards still function thanks to a domestic alternative to Visa and Mastercard".
  4. ^ "Russia reaps reward of domestic payment system after Visa and Mastercard withdraw". Financial Times. 20 April 2022.
  5. ^ "On Second Anniversary of Russia's Further Invasion of Ukraine and Following the Death of Aleksey Navalny, Treasury Sanctions Hundreds of Targets in Russia and Globally". United States Department of the Treasury. 2024-02-23.
  6. ^ "Visa и Mastercard заблокировали операции банков Ковальчука и Ротенбергов". РБК. Archived from the original on 2016-03-27. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  7. ^ Баженова, Елена. "Данные о платежах по российским картам запретят передавать за рубеж". РБК. Archived from the original on 2016-03-22. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  8. ^ "В 2016 году планируется выпустить 30 млн карт «Мир»". ТАСС. Archived from the original on 2016-04-27. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  9. ^ "Национальной платёжной системе утвердили руководителя". Коммерсантъ. Archived from the original on 2016-04-16. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  10. ^ "Информация Центрального банка РФ «О руководителе оператора Национальной системы платёжных карт»". Archived from the original on 2016-04-24. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  11. ^ a b "MasterСard договорилась о переводе транзакций на процессинг в НСПК". Ведомости. Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  12. ^ "Карты Visa и MasterCard российских банков заработали в Крыму". РБК. Archived from the original on 2016-06-30. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  13. ^ "Visa полностью перевела внутрироссийские транзакции в НСПК". ТАСС. Archived from the original on 2015-08-04. Retrieved 2015-08-16.
  14. ^ Шестопал, Ольга. "Национальная карта выйдет с Maestro". Коммерсант. Archived from the original on 2016-04-07. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
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  16. ^ "НСПК и American Express договорились о выпуске карт «Мир»". РБК. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-08-16.
  17. ^ a b "НСПК выпустила первые платёжные карты «Мир»". Forbes Russia. 2015-12-15. Archived from the original on 2015-12-23. Retrieved 2015-12-15.
  18. ^ "Система "Мир" присоединилась к стандартам безопасности Visa и Masterсard" (in Russian). РИА Новости. 2017-05-16. Archived from the original on 2019-02-20. Retrieved 2019-02-19.
  19. ^ "Visa и MasterCard прекращают работу в России". CNews.ru (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2022-03-09.
  20. ^ "American Express Suspends Operations in Russia and Belarus". about.americanexpress.com. Archived from the original on 2022-03-06. Retrieved 2022-03-10.
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  22. ^ "НСПК пояснила, как будут работать карты Mastercard и Visa "санкционных" банков РФ". Интерфакс (in Russian). 2022-02-26. Archived from the original on 2023-11-09. Retrieved 2023-11-09.
  23. ^ "Прибыль Национальной системы платежных карт за год выросла в 2,6 раза". Expert.ru. Archived from the original on 2023-05-03. Retrieved 2023-05-03.
  24. ^ a b "Чистая прибыль НСПК по РСБУ в 2022 году увеличилась в 2,58 раза". TACC. Archived from the original on 2023-11-02. Retrieved 2023-11-02.
  25. ^ "Глава НСПК назвал свой уход из компании согласованным решением с ЦБ". РБК (in Russian). 2023-12-29. Archived from the original on 2024-05-30. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
  26. ^ "Глава НСПК Комлев заявил, что его уход из компании был взвешенным решением". Коммерсантъ (in Russian). 2023-12-29. Archived from the original on 2024-05-30. Retrieved 2024-05-30.
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  29. ^ "Годовая бухгалтерская отчётность АО «НСПК» за 2015 год" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-07-19. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
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  31. ^ "Годовая бухгалтерская отчётность АО «НСПК» за 2017 год" (PDF). www.nspk.ru. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-05-29. Retrieved 2019-01-03.
  32. ^ "Годовая бухгалтерская отчётность АО «НСПК» за 2018 год" (PDF). www.nspk.ru. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-05-29. Retrieved 2019-04-02.
  33. ^ "Годовая бухгалтерская отчётность АО «НСПК» за 2019 год" (PDF). www.nspk.ru. Retrieved 2020-04-18.
  34. ^ "Годовая бухгалтерская отчётность АО «НСПК» за 2020 год" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2021-08-10. Retrieved 2022-07-19.
  35. ^ "Национальная система платежных карт в 2022 году увеличила чистую прибыль по РСБУ в 2,5 раза". Интерфакс (in Russian). 2023-05-02. Archived from the original on 2023-06-15. Retrieved 2023-10-04.
  36. ^ "Указание Центрального банка РФ от 16 декабря 2014 г. N 3493-У «Об организации взаимодействия и получении операционных услуг и услуг платёжного клиринга по переводам денежных средств с использованием международных платёжных карт»" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-04-24. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  37. ^ "НСПК и MasterCard подписали соглашение о выпуске кобейджинговой карты". Интерфакс. Archived from the original on 2016-04-20. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  38. ^ "Семь российских банков начали выпуск карты платежной системы "Мир"". Российская газета (in Russian). 2015-12-22. Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  39. ^ 韦怡琳 (2016-09-15). "China UnionPay и российская НСПК "Мир" выпустят совместные карты". CCTV. Archived from the original on 2016-09-22.
  40. ^ "РСХБ первым в России выпустил кобейджинговую карту «Мир-UnionPay»". Коммерсантъ. 2017-07-10. Archived from the original on 2017-07-13. Retrieved 2017-07-20.
  41. ^ "Карты JCB Россия". JCB. Archived from the original on 2021-11-16. Retrieved 2021-11-16.
  42. ^ "«Первая национальная платёжная карта России получит название «Мир»". РБК. Archived from the original on 2016-05-01. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  43. ^ "НСПК доработала логотип платёжной системы «Мир»". РБК. Archived from the original on 2015-10-15. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  44. ^ "НСПК утвердила правила и тарифы национальной системы платёжных карт". ПЛАС. Archived from the original on 2016-04-24. Retrieved 2016-04-07.
  45. ^ "Карты «Мир»". НСПК. Archived from the original on 2023-02-19. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
  46. ^ "Официальный сайт платёжной системы «Мир»". НСПК. Archived from the original on 2022-07-21. Retrieved 2023-02-22.
  47. ^ "Национальная платежная система". Официальный сайт Банка России (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2023-11-07. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  48. ^ "Объем эмиссии карт "Мир" вырос до 228,4 млн штук". TACC. Archived from the original on 2023-09-01. Retrieved 2023-11-07.
  49. ^ "Платёжная система «Мир» запустила свой сервис бесконтактной оплаты". Archived from the original on 2019-03-04. Retrieved 2019-03-04.
  50. ^ "В России запустили систему быстрых платежей". Archived from the original on 2019-04-16. Retrieved 2019-01-30.
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  54. ^ ""Мир" теряет партнеров. Какие страны перестали обслуживать российские карты". BBC News Русская служба (in Russian). Retrieved 2024-10-06.
  55. ^ "Минфин США ввел масштабные санкции против российских компаний и частных лиц, приуроченные ко второй годовщине войны и гибели Навального". The Insider (in Russian). Archived from the original on 2024-02-24. Retrieved 2024-02-25.
  56. ^ "США отрезали от мировой финансовой системы оператора карт «Мир» и еще 9 российских банков". Русская служба The Moscow Times (in Russian). 2024-02-23. Archived from the original on 2024-02-24. Retrieved 2024-02-25.
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